Covers wet granulation, dry granulation, RMG, fluid bed granulation.
Assay calculation is one of the basic calculations used in pharmaceutical quality control. It helps determine how much active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is actually present in a sample compared with the required or stated amount. In simple words, assay tells us the strength or purity of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutical material or finished
Yield calculation is a common activity in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It helps the production team compare the actual quantity obtained from a batch with the quantity that was expected. A simple yield calculation can tell you whether a batch produced the expected amount or whether there was a significant loss during manufacturing. Yield is checked at
Calculating the quantity of API is one of the basic but important activities in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Before dispensing a material, the production team needs to know how much active pharmaceutical ingredient is actually required for the batch. The calculation is not always as simple as multiplying the tablet strength by the batch size. The assay
In wet granulation, drying is an important step because the granules must reach the required moisture level before milling, lubrication and tablet compression. A common problem is low LOD after drying. The FBD cycle may have been completed as planned, but the tested granules show an LOD below the approved range. For example, suppose the
In wet granulation, the Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD) is used to remove excess moisture from wet granules before milling and further processing. One common problem observed during manufacturing is high LOD after FBD. The dryer cycle may be completed, but when the granules are tested, the LOD is still above the approved limit. For example,
Introduction Sifting is a simple-looking operation, but it is important in pharmaceutical manufacturing. During manufacturing, powders and granules may contain lumps, oversized particles, or foreign particles. Sifting helps separate particles according to size and provides a more uniform material for the next processing step. In the pharma industry, the sieve used for a material should
Over Drying vs Under Drying in Pharmaceutical Granules is an important topic because the moisture level of granules can affect drying performance, compression behavior, and overall tablet quality. After wet granulation, the material contains a significant amount of moisture from the granulating solution. This moisture must be removed before the granules can move to the
Introduction If you’ve ever swallowed a tablet, you’ve probably noticed that it starts working after a certain amount of time. But have you ever wondered what makes a hard compressed tablet break apart quickly once it reaches the stomach? The answer is disintegrants. During my experience in pharmaceutical manufacturing, one of the most common in-process
Introduction If you’ve ever worked in a pharmaceutical granulation area, you’ve probably noticed that the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is often only a small part of the total tablet weight. The remaining portion is made up of excipients, and among them, diluents play one of the most important roles. Early in my experience working around
Introduction If you have ever worked in a tablet manufacturing area, you know that even a perfectly prepared granule can create serious problems during compression if lubrication is not done correctly. Tablets may stick inside the die, punches may wear quickly, tablet hardness may drop, or dissolution may fail. In many cases, the root cause